Phospholipid Scramblase 1 (PLSCR1)

Scramblases are members of the general family of transmembrane lipid transporters known as flippases. The inner-leaflet facing the inside of the cell contains negatively-charged amino-phospholipids and phosphatidylethanolamine. The outer-leaflet, facing the outside environment, contains phosphatidylcholine and sphingomyelin. Scramblase is an enzyme, present in the cell membrane, that can transport (scramble) the negatively-charged phospholipids from the inner-leaflet to the outer-leaflet, and vice versa.Wiedmer et al. (2000) determined that the PLSCR1 gene contains 9 exons and spans about 30 kb. The first exon is untranslated. By deletion analysis of PLSCR1 promoter-reporter constructs, they found that 97% of the promoter activity resides between -95 bp in the 5-prime flanking region to +60 bp of the first exon.