Tyrocidine (Tyc)

Tyrocidine is a mixture of cyclic decapeptides produced by the bacteria Bacillus brevis found in soil. It can be composed of 4 different amino acid sequences, giving tyrocidine A–D. Tyrocidine is the major constituent of tyrothricin, which also contains gramicidin. Tyrocidine was the first commercially available antibiotic, but has been found to be toxic toward human blood and reproductive cells. Tyrocidine A (TA) is an antibiotic cyclic decapeptide with the sequence of cyclo. Antibacterial activities of 12a and TA are nearly the same, but the activity of 12b is significantly lower. The optical rotatory dispersion spectra of 12a, 12b, and TA showed a trough at 233 nm region; the troughs of 12a and TA are nearly the same in depth, but the trough of 12b is shallower. Relationships between structure and activity of 12a and 12b compared with TA and GS were discussed.