tRNA-yW Synthesizing Protein 5 (TYW5)

JmjC (Jumonji C) domain-containing proteins are known to be an extensive family of Fe(II)/2-oxoglutarate-dependent oxygenases involved in epigenetic regulation of gene expression by catalyzing oxidative demethylation of methylated histones. A human JmjC protein named Tyw5p (TYW5) unexpectedly acts in the biosynthesis of a hypermodified nucleoside, hydroxywybutosine, in tRNA(Phe) by catalyzing hydroxylation. The finding provides an insight into the expanding role of JmjC protein as an RNA hydroxylase.tRNA hydroxylase that acts as a component of the wybutosine biosynthesis pathway. Wybutosine is a hyper modified guanosine with a tricyclic base found at the 3"""-position adjacent to the anticodon of eukaryotic phenylalanine tRNA.