Glutamine synthetase (GS)

Glutamine is a main source of energy and is involved in cell proliferation, inhibition of apoptosis, and cell signaling. Fetal glutamine requirements are very high and depend largely on active glutamine synthesis and the release of glutamine into the fetal circulation by the placenta. Glutamine synthetase belongs to the glutamine synthetase family. It catalyzes the synthesis of glutamine from glutamate and ammonia. Glutamine is a main source of energy and is involved in cell proliferation, inhibition of apoptosis, and cell signaling. This gene is expressed during early fetal stages, and plays an important role in controlling body pH by removing ammonia from circulation. Mutations in this gene are associated with congenital glutamine deficiency. Several alternatively spliced transcript variants have been found for this gene.