Dopamine Beta Hydroxylase (DbH)

DBH is a 290 kDa copper-containing oxygenase consisting of four identical subunits, and its activity requires ascorbate as a cofactor. It is the only enzyme involved in the synthesis of small-molecule neurotransmitters that is membrane-bound, making norepinephrine and epinephrine the only transmitters synthesized inside vesicles. It is expressed in noradrenergic nerve terminals of the central and peripheral nervous systems, as well as in chromaffin cells of the adrenal medulla.DBH is inhibited by disulfiram,  tropolone,  and, most selectively, by nepicastat. DBH exists in both membrane-bound and soluble forms. Taken together with the biochemical data, the observations suggested that the membrane attachment of DBH probably results from a posttranslational modification, glypiation being the most likely candidate.